GPSTC Module 1 Practice Test 2026 – Comprehensive Exam Prep

A seizure occurs when a person’s freedom of movement is restricted by the police’s actions. A constructive seizure is when that restriction comes from the officer’s display of authority rather than from physical contact. The essential factor is how a reasonable person would perceive the situation—if the officer’s presence, commands, or other authoritative actions make you feel you’re not free to leave, a seizure has occurred.

Showing authority is the best answer because it captures that perception of compulsion. Examples include stepping into someone’s path, turning on lights or sirens, giving commands to stop or stay put, or other demonstrations of authority that pressure compliance. Verbal instructions alone may not create a seizure unless they are part of a broader display of authority that restrains movement. Physical force definitely constitutes a seizure, but constructive seizure specifically hinges on the authority signal, not contact. Consent is not a seizure, since it involves voluntary submission.